39 research outputs found
Flow and critical velocity of an imbalanced Fermi gas through an optical potential
Optical lattices offer the possibility to investigate the superfluid
properties of both Bose condensates and Fermionic superfluid gases. When a
population imbalance is present in a Fermi mixture, this leads to frustration
of the pairing, and the superfluid properties will be affected. In this
contribution, the influence of imbalance on the flow of a Fermi superfluid
through an optical lattice is investigated. The flow through the lattice is
analysed by taking into account coupling between neighbouring layers of the
optical lattice up to second order in the interlayer tunneling amplitude for
single atoms. The critical velocity of flow through the lattice is shown to
decrease monotonically to zero as the imbalance is increased to 100%.
Closed-form analytical expressions are given for the tunneling contribution to
the action and for the critical velocity as a function of the binding energy of
pairs in the (quasi) two-dimensional Fermi superfluid and as a function of the
imbalance.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, contribution for the QFS 2007 conferenc
Rapidly Rotating Fermions in an Anisotropic Trap
We consider a cold gas of non-interacting fermions in a two dimensional
harmonic trap with two different trapping frequencies ,
and discuss the effect of rotation on the density profile. Depending on the
rotation frequency and the trap anisotropy , the
density profile assumes two qualitatively different shapes. For small
anisotropy (), the
density consists of elliptical plateaus of constant density, corresponding to
Landau levels and is well described by a two dimensional local density
approximation. For large anisotropy (), the density profile is Gaussian in the strong confining
direction and semicircular with prominent Friedel oscillations in the weak
direction. In this regime, a one dimensional local density approximation is
well suited to describe the system. The crossover between the two regimes is
smooth where the step structure between the Landau level edges turn into
Friedel oscillations. Increasing the temperature causes the step structure or
the Friedel oscillations to wash out leaving a Boltzmann gas density profile.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Dynamics of quantum quenching for BCS-BEC systems in the shallow BEC regime
The problem of coupled Fermi-Bose mixtures of an ultracold gas near a narrow
Feshbach resonance is approached through the time-dependent and complex
Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) theory. The dynamical system is constructed using
Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gor'kov (GLAG) path integral methods with the single
mode approximation for the composite Bosons, and the equilibrium states are
obtained in the BEC regime for adiabatic variations of the Feshbach detuning
along the stationary solutions of the dynamical system. Investigations into the
rich superfluid dynamics of this system in the shallow BEC regime yields the
onset of multiple interference patterns in the dynamics as the system is
quenched from the deep-BEC regime. This results in a partial collapse and
revival of the coherent matter wave field of the BEC, whose temporal profile is
reported.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figures. Submitted to European Journal of Physics Plu
Time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation for composite bosons as the strong-coupling limit of the fermionic BCS-RPA approximation
The linear response to a space- and time-dependent external disturbance of a
system of dilute condensed composite bosons at zero temperature, as obtained
from the linearized version of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, is
shown to result also from the strong-coupling limit of the time-dependent BCS
(or broken-symmetry RPA) approximation for the constituent fermions subject to
the same external disturbance. In this way, it is possible to connect
excited-state properties of the bosonic and fermionic systems by placing the
Gross-Pitaevskii equation in perspective with the corresponding fermionic
approximationsComment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Backpropagation training in adaptive quantum networks
We introduce a robust, error-tolerant adaptive training algorithm for
generalized learning paradigms in high-dimensional superposed quantum networks,
or \emph{adaptive quantum networks}. The formalized procedure applies standard
backpropagation training across a coherent ensemble of discrete topological
configurations of individual neural networks, each of which is formally merged
into appropriate linear superposition within a predefined, decoherence-free
subspace. Quantum parallelism facilitates simultaneous training and revision of
the system within this coherent state space, resulting in accelerated
convergence to a stable network attractor under consequent iteration of the
implemented backpropagation algorithm. Parallel evolution of linear superposed
networks incorporating backpropagation training provides quantitative,
numerical indications for optimization of both single-neuron activation
functions and optimal reconfiguration of whole-network quantum structure.Comment: Talk presented at "Quantum Structures - 2008", Gdansk, Polan
Pairing in spin polarized two-species fermionic mixtures with mass asymmetry
We discuss on the pairing mechanism of fermions with mismatch in their fermi
momenta due to a mass asymmetry. Using a variational ansatz for the ground
state we also discuss the BCS -BEC crossover of this system. It is shown that
the breached pairing solution with a single fermi surface is stable in the BEC
regime. We also include the temperatures effect on the fermion pairing within
an approximation that is valid for temperatures much below the critical
temperature.Comment: 8 pages and 6 figures, few typos corrected, version to appear in EPJ
Unitary Fermi gas, epsilon expansion, and nonrelativistic conformal field theories
We review theoretical aspects of unitary Fermi gas (UFG), which has been
realized in ultracold atom experiments. We first introduce the epsilon
expansion technique based on a systematic expansion in terms of the
dimensionality of space. We apply this technique to compute the thermodynamic
quantities, the quasiparticle spectrum, and the critical temperature of UFG. We
then discuss consequences of the scale and conformal invariance of UFG. We
prove a correspondence between primary operators in nonrelativistic conformal
field theories and energy eigenstates in a harmonic potential. We use this
correspondence to compute energies of fermions at unitarity in a harmonic
potential. The scale and conformal invariance together with the general
coordinate invariance constrains the properties of UFG. We show the vanishing
bulk viscosities of UFG and derive the low-energy effective Lagrangian for the
superfluid UFG. Finally we propose other systems exhibiting the nonrelativistic
scaling and conformal symmetries that can be in principle realized in ultracold
atom experiments.Comment: 44 pages, 15 figures, contribution to Lecture Notes in Physics
"BCS-BEC crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas" edited by W. Zwerge
Thermodynamic Measurements in a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
We conduct a series of measurements on the thermodynamic properties of an
optically-trapped strongly interacting Fermi gas, including the energy ,
entropy , and sound velocity . Our model-independent measurements of
and enable a precision study of the finite temperature thermodynamics. The
data are directly compared to several recent predictions. The
temperature in both the superfluid and normal fluid regime is obtained from the
fundamental thermodynamic relation by parameterizing
the data. Our data are also used to experimentally calibrate the
endpoint temperatures obtained for adiabatic sweeps of the magnetic field
between the ideal and strongly interacting regimes. This enables the first
experimental calibration of the temperature scale used in experiments on
fermionic pair condensation. Our calibration shows that the ideal gas
temperature measured for the onset of pair condensation corresponds closely to
the critical temperature estimated in the strongly interacting regime from the
fits to our data. The results are in very good agreement with recent
predictions. Finally, using universal thermodynamic relations, we estimate the
chemical potential and heat capacity of the trapped gas from the data.Comment: 29 pages, 12 figures. To appear in JLTP online, and in the January,
2009 volum
Homogeneous Fermion Superfluid with Unequal Spin Populations
For decades, the conventional view is that an s-wave BCS superfluid can not
support uniform spin polarization due to a gap in the quasiparticle
excitation spectrum. We show that this is an artifact of the dismissal of
quasiparticle interactions in the conventional approach at the
outset. Such interactions can cause triplet fluctuations in the ground state
and hence non-zero spin polarization at "magnetic field" . The
resulting ground state is a pairing state of quasiparticles on the ``BCS
vacuum". For sufficiently large , the spin polarization of at unitarity
has the simple form . Our study is motivated by the recent
experiments at Rice which found evidence of a homogenous superfluid state with
uniform spin polarization.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
An ansatz for the nonlinear Demkov-Kunike problem for cold molecule formation
We study nonlinear mean-field dynamics of ultracold molecule formation in the
case when the external field configuration is defined by the level-crossing
Demkov-Kunike model, characterized by a bell-shaped coupling and finite
variation of the detuning. Analyzing the fast sweep rate regime of the strong
interaction limit, which models a situation when the peak value of the coupling
is large enough and the resonance crossing is sufficiently fast, we construct a
highly accurate ansatz to describe the temporal dynamics of the molecule
formation in the mentioned interaction regime. The absolute error of the
constructed approximation is less than 3*10^-6 for the final transition
probability while at certain time points it might increase up to 10^-3.
Examining the role of the different terms in the constructed approximation, we
prove that in the fast sweep rate regime of the strong interaction limit the
temporal dynamics of the atom-molecule conversion effectively consists of the
process of resonance crossing, which is governed by a nonlinear equation,
followed by atom-molecular coherent oscillations which are basically described
by a solution of the linear problem, associated with the considered nonlinear
one.Comment: Accepted for publication in J. Contemp. Phys. (Armenian National
Academy of Sciences) 8 pages, 4 figure